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22GUIA TUR%u00cdSTICO | TOURIST GUIDEHISTORYThe first humans known to reach the Sao Tome archipelago were the Portuguese navigators Jo%u00e3o de Santar%u00e9m and Pedro Escobar, who landed on the island of S%u00e3o Tom%u00e9 on December 21, 1470, during the reign of King John II. The landing at Pr%u00edncipe took place on January 17, 1471. This island was initially named as Santo Antonio, a name that was changed by the same monarch in honor of Principe Afonso, his only son, who died before he was crowned. Colonization began in the early sixteenth century with the arrival of Portuguese and Castilian Jews proscribed under Alvaro de Caminha and Ant%u00f3nio Carneiro orders, in order to introduce the cultivation of sugar cane. Sao Tome became the largest African exporter of this product still in the same century. The production was developed by importing slave labor from Angola, Cabo Verde and other African territories, as well as from Brazil.Uprisings of slaves against the conditions to which they were submitted %u2013 the one led by king Amador in 1595 is written down in the annals of history - led to the gradual emigration of many settlers to Brazil, affecting the region%u2019s economy. Pirates and Dutch corsairs seized the archipelago between 1641 and 1648, until Portugal took control of the islands.In the early nineteenth century, Jo%u00e3o Maria de Sousa e Almeida, a wealthy land owner of Sao Tome, introduced cacao culture on the island, a plant imported from Brazil. Known as the %u201cFirst Baron of Ro%u00e7a de %u00c1gua Iz%u00e9%u201d (Agua Iz%u00e9 Planta22GUIA TUR%u00cdSTICO | TOURIST GUIDE